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U2 spliceosomal RNA is a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) component of the spliceosome (involved in pre-mRNA splicing). Complementary binding between U2 snRNA (in an area lying towards the 5' end but 3' to hairpin I) and the ''branchpoint sequence'' (BPS) of the intron results in the bulging out of an unpaired adenosine, on the BPS, which initiates a nucleophilic attack at the intronic 5' splice site, thus starting the first of two transesterification reactions that mediate splicing. After recognition of the pre-mRNA 5’ splice site by U1 snRNA, U1 snRNA binds to this point. As soon as this bond forms, U2 snRNA binds to the branch point site, which forms a bulge at the branch point binding sequence. In addition, U6 snRNA associates with U2 snRNA and the 5’ splice site through base pairing interaction. The association of U2 snRNP with the pre-mRNA branch site plays a fundamental role during splicing assembly since it directly participates in chemical catalysis.〔Nilsen, T.W. (1998). RNA-RNA interactions in nuclear pre-mRNA splicing. In RNA Structure and Function, M. Grundber-Manago and R.W. Simons (Eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 35, 279–307.〕 Moreover, U2 snRNP undergoes several rearrangements along with the recognition of the branch point adenosine and formation of the base pair interaction between U2 snRNA and consensus sequence within the intron. ==Structure and function== In humans, the U2 spliceosomal RNA is 187 base pairs long, forms five stem-loops, and possesses a 5'-trimethylguanosine five-prime cap. It is able to base-pair extensively with U6 spliceosomal RNA during the splicing process. Bases 33 to 38 are a conserved sequence that base-pairs with the adenosine branch site ''except for the adenosine itself'', forcing the adenosine base to flip out and be exposed. Bases 99 to 105 form the Sm site, around which the heteroheptameric Sm ring is assembled, consisting of SmB/B', SmD1/2/3, SmE, SmF, and SmG. U6-I and U6-II RNPs bind to stem-loop I. SF3a binds to stem loops IIa and IIb. U2 B″ binds to stem-loop IV, and U2 A' interacts with U2 B″. The 5’ end of U2 snRNA, which is highly conserved, contains several stem–loops, and single-stranded regions interact with U6 snRNA, the intron, and the snRNP proteins. Previous studies indicated that the stem I in 5’ terminus of the U2 snRNA has a function in early steps of spliceosome assembly. Structural studies of the U2-U6 complex show the presence of the U2 stem I as a stable structure in this complex. NMR structures of U2 stem I from S. cerevisiae and the fully modified U2 stem I from humans reveal that there is a great similarity in structure; however, the stability of stem I in yeast and humans is extremely different.〔Sashital, D. G., Venditti, V., Angers, C. G., Cornilescu, G., & Butcher, S. E. (2007). Structure and thermodynamics of a conserved U2 snRNA domain from yeast and human. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 13(3), 328-338.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「U2 spliceosomal RNA」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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